Robotic & Automation for Construction: Actors & Stakeholders

Make It Digital 

Robot&Automation 

Series: Make It Digital Rob-01 

Article 11/25 

 

Robotic & Automation for Construction: Actors & Stakeholders 

The global construction industry is actively embracing its next major evolution, driven by the critical need for increased safety, productivity and predictability. This transformation is embodied by the rise of Robotics and Automation (R&A). Moving beyond single-task tools, R&A is integrating into the entire construction lifecycle, from design to execution and monitoring. 

The success of this shift relies on a sophisticated Networking Ecosystem where technology creators, research entities, large industry players and end-users collaborate to prove the value and scalability of automated solutions. The stakeholders driving this evolution are defined by their unique contribution to bridging the gap between digital planning and physical building. 


Actors and Stakeholders working along the automation and robotic value chain: best practices 

The most effective progress in construction robotics is being made by distinct actors specializing in different parts of the digital value chain. 


Equipment machinery manufacturers: the product innovator

This category comprises the companies responsible for productizing specific, high-value robotic applications. A prime example is Hilti Group, a global leader in construction tools and equipment. Hilti’s role extends beyond mere sales; they strategically partner with specialists to industrialize robotic solutions. For instance, the Hilti Jaibot , a semi-autonomous drilling robot, is a result of their long-standing strategic collaboration, which has included work with the Norwegian startup nLink since 2021. This partnership leverages Hilti’s market access and safety standards with nLink’s robotics expertise, successfully automating the strenuous and dangerous task of overhead drilling for MEP installations directly from a digital plan. This synergy demonstrates how incumbents can integrate with agile startups to rapidly scale innovation and immediately improve on-site safety and efficiency. 



Fig. 1 - AMALTEA project: robotics technologies


Equipment machinery manufacturers: the product innovator

This category comprises the companies responsible for productizing specific, high-value robotic applications. A prime example is Hilti Group, a global leader in construction tools and equipment. Hilti’s role extends beyond mere sales; they strategically partner with specialists to industrialize robotic solutions. For instance, the Hilti Jaibot , a semi-autonomous drilling robot, is a result of their long-standing strategic collaboration, which has included work with the Norwegian startup nLink since 2021. This partnership leverages Hilti’s market access and safety standards with nLink’s robotics expertise, successfully automating the strenuous and dangerous task of overhead drilling for MEP installations directly from a digital plan. This synergy demonstrates how incumbents can integrate with agile startups to rapidly scale innovation and immediately improve on-site safety and efficiency. 


Construction robotics companies: the disruptive builder

These innovators focus on the complete automation of core, labor-intensive construction trades. FBR Limited, through its development of the Hadrian X robot, is fundamentally challenging traditional masonry. The Hadrian X is designed to be the world's first fully autonomous bricklaying system, capable of constructing the walls of a house in less time than required by manual methods. It operates on a truck-mounted platform, using a telescopic boom to lay proprietary blocks with high precision based on 3D CAD data. By using a fast-curing adhesive instead of mortar, FBR aims to achieve unprecedented lay rates and minimal material waste, positioning itself as a disruptive force in the structural building phase.


Monitoring and data automation providers: the digital eye

The ability to accurately and frequently monitor site progress is crucial for automation to deliver on its promise of predictability. Companies like Boston Dynamics, with their versatile Spot quadruped robot, and FARO Technologies, following its acquisition of HoloBuilder, are leading this effort. Spot, the agile mobile robot, is utilized to perform autonomous, repeatable site walks, capturing vast amounts of data. This data is then often processed by systems like the platform from FARO/HoloBuilder, which creates 360-degree virtual records of the jobsite, linking captured reality directly to the BIM model. This collaboration turns data into actionable insights, providing project managers with a real-time "digital eye" to track progress, ensure quality control, and document every phase of construction. 


Fig. 2-3 - Hadiramn project (credit FBR)


Consortium projects: the integration catalyst 

Complex technological leaps often require non-commercial collaborative efforts involving research, industry and academia. The AMALTEA consortium exemplifies this, focusing on a deep integration challenge: the full lifecycle automation of modular facades. This Horizon Europe project brings together Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs), universities, architects and robot manufacturers to combine Artificial Intelligence (AI), robotics and Digital Twins. Their collective goal is to validate a single, streamlined digital-to-physical process for buildin envelope system from design through manufacturing up to construction stage, proving that automation can be both sophisticated and scalable while meeting high standards for sustainability and efficiency. 


General contractors and system integrators: the end-user driver

Ultimately, the commercial success of construction robotics rests with the General Contractors (GCs) who implement and scale these solutions across projects. Skanska, one of the world's leading GCs, is an active pioneer in the use of robotics. Skanska’s activities, such as testing the Boston Dynamics Spot robot for novel applications like post-construction site cleanup, demonstrate a commitment to pushing the envelope beyond standard use cases. By integrating these machines and defining the protocols for their operation, GCs like Skanska drive the market for interoperability and set new benchmarks for efficiency and safety that the rest of the industry must follow. Their investment is the final proof point that automation is financially and operationally viable. 

Fig. 4-5 - Hilti robot technologies



Conclusions 

The transition to a digital construction site is fundamentally an ecosystem challenge, not just a technical one. The innovation driven by product developers like Hilti, the disruption brought by builders like FBR, the essential monitoring provided by Spot and HoloBuilder, the research catalyzed by consortia like AMALTEA and the real-world adoption championed by GCs like Skanska, all these pieces are essential. The collaborative efforts across this value chain are what is truly accelerating the pace of change, replacing dangerous, repetitive manual labor with sophisticated, data-driven automation, and ushering in an era of predictable and high-quality building. 


References 

Hilti USA. Jaibot Semi-Autonomous Drilling Robot 

nLink Robotics. Our Story 

Skanska USA. Meet Spot: A robot that’s being tested to clean construction jobsites 

AMALTEA  homepage - Amaltea Project 

FBR Limited. Hadrian X Product Information. Hadrian® | Automated Construction Robot from FBR 

Holobuilder (now a FARO Technologies Company). HoloBuilder™ Software | Software | FARO 

 



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Bio-based Building Materials & Products for Construction: Actors & Stakeholders

By AP • October 1, 2025
Make It Green Bio-based Series: Make It Green BIO-01 Article 08/25 Bio-based building materials and products for construction sector: actors and stakeholders The global construction industry is a major contributor to CO₂ emissions and resource consumption. But what if our buildings could actively help us reducing sources consumptions using products from secondary raw materials? That's the promise of bio-based materials, which are derived from renewable biological resources like plants, animals, and microorganisms. These materials can sequester carbon, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and offer thermal, acoustic, and health benefits for building occupants at least similar to the traditional products. However, the transition from conventional to bio-based materials isn't just about the products themselves. It's about a fundamental shift in the entire value chain, driven by a diverse group of stakeholders. From farmers growing the raw materials to policymakers setting new standards, a collaborative ecosystem is essential for success. This requires setting clear targets and measuring impacts to ensure a sustainable and scalable transition. Actos and Stakeholders working along the bio-based value chain: best practices. Navigating the landscape of bio-based construction requires understanding the key players and their roles. Here are six best practices that highlight how different actors and stakeholders along the supply chain are collaborating to scale up the use of bio-based materials. Raw material suppliers (feedstock processor) A new and critical player in the bio-based ecosystem is the agrowaste player or feedstock processor. These are companies and organizations that specialize in collecting and transforming agricultural by-products, like rice husks, corn cobs, or grape pomace, into usable materials for construction. Crucially, their adoption is boosted by regional innovation anchors like local clusters. A prime example is the Agrifood Clust-ER in the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy. This private association of companies, research centers, and training bodies works to increase the competitiveness of the agri-food sector by connecting its members and focusing on the circular economy and valorization of biomass residues. The impact of this actions can be measured by the tonnage of agricultural waste diverted from disposal (e.g. grape pomace, olive pits) and the volume of new bio-based materials created. The cluster’s direct involvement is measured by the number of joint R&D projects it facilitates that successfully lead to the industrial valorization of agrowaste. At this aim, local clusters create a vital "short supply chain" network that links raw material availability (agrowaste) directly to processing innovation. The Agrifood Clust-ER specifically targets strengthening the resilience of the local bio-economy by identifying new circular production routes (like transforming olive pits into innovative composite materials), effectively turning a regional waste problem into a valuable local resource for the construction sector. With Agrifood Clust-ER and under the coordination of CETMA, Levery is starting a new project of agro-waste chain monitoring.

Stepping into the Future: How ARyze is Revolutionizing Building Maintenance

By MG • June 26, 2025
Make It Digital XR - ARyze platform Series: Make It Digital XR-03 Article 07/25 Introduction Extended Reality (XR), encompassing Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR), is fundamentally transforming how we interact with our world. By seamlessly blending physical and digital realms, XR enables innovative interactions with real environments and virtual objects. While already impactful in B2C (tourism, direct sales) and B2B (manufacturing, healthcare) sectors, XR's revolutionary potential in construction is immense. It offers powerful new tools for professionals, enhancing decision-making across a building's entire lifecycle – from initial design visualization and complex on-site management to streamlined maintenance and even deconstruction. The Growing Complexity of Building Operations & Maintenance (O&M) Modern buildings are becoming increasingly complex, integrating advanced technologies that pose new challenges for preserving long-term operational efficiency. Building envelopes now incorporate sophisticated active components like intelligent solar shading, automated openings, environmental sensors, photovoltaic modules, and advanced plant systems. While these innovations promise improved environmental performance and comfort, they also demand updated management and maintenance models. Traditional, largely reactive and corrective maintenance approaches are no longer sufficient. Aligned with directives like the Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD, EU/2024/1275) and the Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI) framework, there's a growing urgency to develop innovative solutions. These solutions must preserve system functionality while simultaneously extending the building's useful life. The diverse technological nature of integrated systems and their interdependencies require technicians to engage in advanced document management (e.g., maintenance manuals, technical datasheets), analyze heterogeneous datasets, and frequently collaborate with various professionals. XR as a Game Changer for O&M: Immediate Functionalities This is where XR solutions emerge as a crucial technological enabler. They can significantly accelerate and enhance the precision of investigation and fault resolution in buildings, paving the way for fully digitized processes. In the near future, this will even facilitate the implementation of intelligent systems leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) for automatic fault recognition, guided maintenance support, and proactive prediction of potential malfunctions. However, the immediate opportunities offered by current XR platforms address more practical needs with instantly applicable functionalities. Let's delve into some of these key capabilities: Immersive and Contextualized Visualization of Technical Documents : XR platforms allow for the real-time overlay of digital data – such as maintenance manuals, performance metrics, maintenance histories, and 2D/3D models – directly onto the physical environment of the building. This provides contextualized information crucial for diagnostics and maintenance planning. Imagine a technician seeing the relevant wiring diagrams superimposed directly onto the electrical panel they're inspecting!

DeePPy: Revolutionizing Transparency in the Construction Sector with the Digital Product Passport

By MG • June 5, 2025
Make It Digital DPP– Stakeholder Engagement and Actors' Role Series: Make It Digital DPP-03 Article: 06/25 

BIPV in Action: Real-World Applications Driving the Sustainable Transformation of Buildings

By AP • May 6, 2025
Make It Green – BIPV V-03 BIPV in Action: Real-World Applications Driving the Sustainable Transformation of Buildings Article: 05/25 Introduction: From Vision to Implementation The integration of photovoltaic technology into the fabric of our buildings, known as Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), represents a paradigm shift in the construction industry and is one of the most promising ways to decarbonize the built environment. As cities and building practices evolve under the pressure of climate goals and energy regulations, BIPV solutions are becoming increasingly viable - not only technologically, but also economically and aesthetically. Solar panels are no longer simply add-ons to existing structures, but rather integral components that seamlessly blend functionality with sustainability. BIPV has the potential to revolutionize the way we design, build and power our environment. In this context, the role of ecodesign becomes essential: designing BIPV systems from the outset with performance, longevity, circularity and architectural integration in mind. The European project MC2.0 (Mass Customization for BIPV) investigates how stakeholders - architects, manufacturers and engineers - approach BIPV in different building typologies. By mapping practices, analyzing stakeholder needs, and testing design tools, MC2.0 aims to accelerate the development of scalable, user-centric BIPV solutions. Moving from concept to practice requires a coordinated effort between architects, manufacturers, engineers, and developers. In this third article in our BIPV series, we look at real building projects that have effectively implemented BIPV systems. More than inspirational, these case studies are critical to understanding the conditions under which BIPV thrives and the barriers it must overcome. From urban towers to student housing to iconic landmarks, BIPV is becoming a defining element of sustainable architecture. Art Meets Energy: Pavillon Novartis in Basel, Switzerland In a striking example of aesthetic integration, the Novartis Pavilion in Basel, Switzerland, scheduled for completion in spring 2022, showcases the harmonious blend of art and BIPV energy generation. Designed by AMDL CIRCLE in collaboration with architect Michele de Lucchi and located in the Novartis Park, this public pavilion features a translucent media façade with 10,000 diamond-shaped organic photovoltaic (OPV) panels with 30,000 embedded LEDs. In addition, the façade uses transparent silicon solar panels. This innovative approach not only generates approximately 15,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity annually, the equivalent of about four average homes, but also creates a visually stunning architectural statement. The diamond-shaped OPV panels and embedded LEDs create a unique geometric pattern on the facade, giving the building a distinctly modern and artistic appearance. The use of transparent silicon solar panels in the curtain wall is particularly noteworthy, as it allows sunlight to be converted into electricity without blocking natural daylight from entering the building. This dual functionality highlights the potential of BIPV to meet both energy and aesthetic requirements in architectural design. The project is widely regarded as a successful fusion of artistic vision and technological innovation in the field of BIPV, demonstrating that energy-producing buildings can also be works of art that enhance the urban landscape. The Novartis Pavilion is a compelling example of how BIPV can be seamlessly integrated into architectural design, contributing to both sustainability and visual appeal.

Extended Reality (XR) in Construction: Transforming Design, Building, and Operation

By AP • April 3, 2025
Make it Human Extended Reality (XR) in Construction: Transforming Design, Building, and Operation Series: Make It Human - XR-02 Article: 04/25 Introduction The construction industry, long characterized by traditional methods, is undergoing a significant transformation driven by technological advancements. Extended Reality (XR) technologies are poised to redefine every stage of the construction lifecycle. XR, an umbrella term encompassing Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR), blends the physical and digital worlds to create immersive and interactive experiences. From initial design conceptualization to the intricacies of on-site construction, the complexities of end-of-life processes, and the ongoing demands of operation and maintenance, XR is emerging as a powerful tool for enhancing accuracy, fostering collaboration, bolstering safety, and improving overall efficiency. The increasing adoption of these immersive technologies across the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry signals a fundamental shift towards a more digital and intuitive future. Companies at the forefront of XR technologies are revolutionizing workflows, reducing errors, and enhancing decision-making across the entire building lifecycle. Case Studies Transforming the Construction Sector: Virtual Prototyping and Immersive Collaboration The initial phases of any construction project, particularly design, are critical for setting the stage for success. XR technologies offer a paradigm shift in how designs are visualized and experienced. By enabling stakeholders to step into a full-scale, immersive 3D environment of the proposed building or infrastructure, XR overcomes the limitations of traditional 2D blueprints and static renderings that can often be challenging for non-technical audiences to interpret. This capability fosters a deeper understanding of spatial relationships, scale, and aesthetics, leading to more informed decision-making and reduced misunderstandings. The transformative power of XR extends beyond the design phase into the dynamic environment of the construction site itself. Augmented Reality, in particular, plays a crucial role in providing on-site workers with real-time guidance, enabling them to visualize digital information overlaid onto the physical construction environment. This capability enhances accuracy in installations, facilitates progress monitoring, and improves communication between on-site teams and remote experts. The adoption of XR in operation and maintenance offers numerous benefits. It improves efficiency and accuracy in maintenance tasks by providing real-time data and step-by-step instructions. Enhanced training for complex procedures can be delivered in a safe and virtual environment, leading to a more competent workforce.2 Remote assistance and collaboration capabilities allow for faster troubleshooting and resolution of complex repairs, reducing downtime.3 Predictive maintenance can be facilitated through the visualization and analysis of real-time data.1 Ultimately, these advantages contribute to reduced downtime, lower operational costs, and extended lifespans for buildings and infrastructure. Unity – Custom XR Development for AEC Applications Unity is a powerful real-time 3D development platform that enables architects, engineers, and construction professionals to create immersive XR applications tailored to their specific needs. With Unity, stakeholders can build VR walkthroughs, AR overlays, and MR simulations to visualize projects at full scale before construction begins. Its capabilities extend to lighting analysis, spatial awareness, and integration with BIM models, improving decision-making and reducing errors. By allowing teams to interact with a digital twin of their project, Unity enhances collaboration and accelerates design approvals, ultimately reducing costly modifications during later stages. HoloBuilder – Real-Time Remote Construction Monitoring HoloBuilder revolutionizes site monitoring by offering a 360-degree photo documentation platform powered by AI and AR. Site managers and stakeholders can track progress remotely, compare real-time conditions with design models, and streamline issue detection. The platform seamlessly integrates with Autodesk and Procore, enabling automatic updates and historical tracking. Construction teams benefit from enhanced transparency, reduced rework, and improved quality control. By bridging the gap between virtual and physical job sites, HoloBuilder ensures efficient project execution and helps maintain project timelines and budgets. 

Tracking Product Lifecycle Information: Digital Product Passports Will Revolutionize Construction Industry

By MG • March 3, 2025
Make It Digital DPP– DPP case studies: Make It Digital DPP-02 Article: 03/25

Advancing BIPV in Architecture. Transforming Traditional Building Systems into Energy Generators.

By AP • February 4, 2025
Make It Green BIPV Products: Advancing Integration in Architecture Series: Make It Green BIPV-02 Article: 02/25 Introduction Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) represents a significant evolution in sustainable construction, transforming conventional building systems into dual-purpose components that maintain their primary architectural functions while generating clean energy. This technological advancement marks a departure from traditional design and construction approaches, where building systems played primarly passive role. By integrating photovoltaic capabilities into standard building components such as windows, facades, and roofing materials, BIPV solutions are revolutionizing the way we conceptualize building envelope systems. The integration of photovoltaic technology into building elements presents unique challenges, particularly in meeting both construction and electrical performance requirements. These solutions must simultaneously meet building elements code requirements such as mechanical strength, weather resistance, and thermal performance while meeting stringent photovoltaic standards for power generation and safety. This dual compliance requirement has driven significant innovation in materials science and engineering, resulting in sophisticated solutions that improve both building performance and energy generation capabilities.

Extended Reality (XR) Stakeholder Engagement and Actors' Role

By AP • January 3, 2025
Make It Human XR – Stakeholder Engagement and Actors' Role Series: Make It Human XR-01 Article: 01/25 Introduction Known for its complexity and reliance on precision, the construction industry is increasingly embracing digital technologies to streamline processes, enhance collaboration, and improve efficiency. Among these technologies, Extended Reality (XR), which includes Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR), has emerged as a powerful tool for revolutionizing construction practices at various stages of a building's lifecycle. By providing immersive and interactive environments, XR technologies enable stakeholders to visualize, simulate, and analyze construction projects in new ways, ultimately leading to smarter decisions, reduced errors, and increased productivity. VR, AR, and MR represent different but complementary approaches to integrating digital information into the physical world. These technologies have found multiple applications in the construction industry, from the design phase, where VR enables immersive simulations, to the operations phase, where AR and MR enhance building systems management and maintenance. As construction projects become more complex, the need for accurate, real-time data and seamless collaboration across teams has never been more critical. XR solutions provide innovative answers to these challenges, offering transformative potential to improve efficiency, reduce costs and promote sustainability in the built environment. This article will explore the different roles that VR, AR, and MR play in construction, and how these technologies are being applied at each stage of a project's lifecycle-from design and planning, to construction, to operations and maintenance. It will also highlight key players, including universities, research organizations, and companies, that are advancing XR in the construction sector. Definitions B efore diving into their applications, it's important to define the core technologies. Virtual Reality. VR is an immersive technology that creates an entirely digital environment, often experienced through headsets or other specialized devices. In the construction industry, VR allows stakeholders to step into a fully realized 3D model of a project before it is built, enabling virtual walkthroughs and simulations. This offers significant benefits in terms of design validation, user experience evaluation, and stakeholder engagement. For example, architects and clients can explore spaces, check dimensions, and visualize different design options in a virtual world, helping to identify potential problems early in the design process. Augmented Reality. AR overlays digital information - such as 3D models, annotations, or real-time data - onto the physical world. AR in construction is often used in the field to assist with tasks such as assembly, inspection, or maintenance. For example, using AR glasses or mobile devices, workers can see digital overlays that provide additional information about a building's components or systems as they interact with the physical space. This improves decision-making and reduces errors during construction and operation by providing real-time, contextual data. Mixed Reality. MR combines elements of VR and AR to create a seamless integration of the digital and physical worlds. MR allows users to interact with both real and virtual objects in real time, providing a more dynamic and interactive experience. In the construction industry, MR is increasingly being used for design collaboration and real-time project visualization. For example, engineers can view and manipulate digital models overlaid on physical components during construction or operation, enabling a more complete understanding of how different systems interact. MR fosters collaboration among multiple stakeholders by allowing them to share and manipulate project data in a common environment, regardless of physical location. Together, VR, AR, and MR are the core components of XR technology, which is rapidly transforming the construction industry by enabling more accurate planning, improved communication, and more informed decision-making at every stage of a project. These technologies are changing the way construction professionals engage with buildings at all stages, providing immersive ways to visualize, interact, and optimize the built environment.
MG

Digital Product Passport (DPP) Stakeholder Engagement and Actors' Role

By MG • November 28, 2024
Make It Digital DPP– Stakeholder Engagement and Actors' Role Series: Make It Digital DPP-01 Article: 02/24 Introduction The European Commission has recently adopted the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (EU, 2024), a regulatory instrument aimed at promoting and harmonizing circular economy practices in the design and production of a wide range of products, including construction products. The regulatory framework, which is expected to be fully adopted by the end of 2024, introduces the concept of the Digital Product Passport (DPP), a digital identity card for products, components, and materials that can store and make accessible detailed information about the product to help stakeholder make decision in adopting circular and informed choices. What is the state of the art? Who is driving it in the construction sector? The evolution of DPP and key players The evolution of the DPP for the construction sector arises from the growing need to track and valorize data throughout the entire life cycle of a building product, with a view to a circular economy and sustainability. A significant precursor was the European BAMB 2020 project (Building As a Material Bank), which pioneered the digitalization of construction materials and the importance of information transparency (Heinrich and Lang, 2020) (Fig. 1). In this context, the concept of Digital Mining emerges, aimed at extracting value from data coming from various sources, such as product technical sheets, environmental certifications, and supply chain information. Platforms like Circularise (Fig. 2) and MADASTER (Fig. 3) are already offering concrete solutions for the creation and management of DPPs, facilitating the collection, analysis, and sharing of data on building products, thus contributing to greater transparency and sustainability in the sector.

Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) Stakeholder Engagement & Actors' Role

By AP • October 14, 2024
Make It Green BIPV – Stakeholder Engagement and Actors' Role Series: Make It Green BIPV-01 Article: 01/24 Introduction Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) are increasingly recognized as a crucial element in sustainable construction, offering a solution that goes beyond traditional solar panels by integrating energy generation directly into a building’s architecture. Unlike conventional PV systems, BIPV systems are woven into the design and construction process, making them more complex to manage and deploy. This article examines the pivotal roles played by different actors throughout the various stages of BIPV development, from research and design to implementation, underscoring the importance of a holistic approach. Research and Simulation: The Foundation of BIPV Integration Research institutions like EURAC, EPFL, and SUPSI are at the forefront of advancing BIPV technologies. Their work is fundamental in refining both the materials and systems used in BIPV, ensuring that these solutions are not only energy-efficient but also adaptable to diverse architectural demands. EURAC's research on climate-responsive façades, for example, demonstrates the importance of simulation in optimizing the performance of BIPV in various environmental conditions. At EPFL, cutting-edge simulations help architects visualize how photovoltaic elements can be seamlessly integrated into building designs without sacrificing aesthetics or structural integrity. Similarly, SUPSI has made significant strides in ensuring that BIPV systems meet stringent energy efficiency standards. Their research also supports the critical role of simulations in understanding how BIPV technologies behave under real-world conditions, ensuring that these systems are durable and capable of meeting long-term energy goals.